Xuezhong Zhang¹ , Xinghao Li²

1 Tropical Animal Medicine Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
2 Animal Science Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
Animal Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol. 15, No. 2   doi: 10.5376/amb.2025.15.0008
Received: 05 Feb., 2025    Accepted: 10 May, 2025    Published: 29 May, 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Zhang X.Z., and Li X.H., 2025, Advances in disease control and immunity in goats: a comprehensive review, Animal Molecular Breeding, 15(2): 72-81 (doi: 10.5376/amb.2025.15.0008)

 

Goats are important herbivorous economic animals all over the world, and the perpetual threat of infectious diseases is severely restricting their industrial value and sustainable development. Over the past few years, numerous viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases have created a perpetual threat to goat breeding, causing disease prevention and control and immune research to become a major direction. This paper composes systematically on pathogenicity and epidemic pattern of the predominant goat infectious diseases, and gives a brief summarization on achievements of epidemic monitoring, early detection, biosafety regulation and antibiotic replacement researches. The study conducted a thorough exploration of the goat immune system, decoded the mysteries of its structure and function, continued to explore the strategy of vaccine development, and studied immune markers and regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the urgency and urgency of new vaccine delivery technology and group immunity optimization. In the meanwhile, the feasible utilization of the cutting-edge techniques such as multi-omics, CRISPR, and RNA interference in resistance breeding against disease and immune modulation was also presented. Technical bottlenecks and multi-pathogen overall prevention and control challenges faced by the current study were addressed, new ideas on building a regional prevention and control system and strengthening precision immunity were proposed, and theoretical guidance and practical reference for goat disease comprehensive prevention and control were provided.

Goat diseases; Immune mechanisms; Vaccine development; Multi-pathogen control; Emerging technologies